News Evolution As Per Gurbani - A Comparative Study (In Punjabi)

[Dalvinder Singh Grewal]

gurbwxI dy sMdrB ivc mwnv ivkws qy ivgws dw qulnwqmk AiDAn

fw dlivMdr isMG gRyvwl​

fwierYktr BweI mhW isMG ieMjnIAirMg kwilj mukqsr​

​

iSRStI dw muK AsUl hY lgwqwr bdlI[iSRStI dI hr vsq hr jIv lgwqwr bdl irhw hY, kuJ vI hux Aijhw nhIN jo auh pihlW sI[ iesy leI kudrq ivc ieqnI ivlKxqw hY[iesy leI hr jIv dI ApxI ApxI ivcwrDwrw hY [ieh pRmwqmw dI Kyf hI hY ik koeI vI iksy jyhw nhIN, hr mnuK vK vK qrRW dw hY [pRmwqmw swirAW ivc Prk pwky vDwauNdw PulwauNdw hY, dyhI ivc hr qrW vDx Pulx dy rs Bry hoey hn:

myrY pRiB swcY ieku Kylu rcwieAw] koie n iks hI jyhw aupwieAw]​

Awpy Prku kry vyiK ivgsY siB rs dyhI mwhw hy] 1] (mwrU m:3, pMnw 1056:11)
​

mwnv ivkws bwry ivcwr Dwrw nUM AsIN pCmI ivcwrDwrw qy inrDwirq kIqI jWdI mMndy hW jo gurbwxI dI ivcwrDwrw qoN iBMNn hY ikauNik pCmI ivcwrDwrw dw ivkws qy aus dI soc pCmI kdrW kImqW qy inrDwrq hY ijnHW dw Durw pdwrQvwd hY jd ik gurbwxI pUrbI kdrW kImq ivcoN auBirAw invyklw mwrg hY ijs dw Durw AiDAwqm hY[

mhwnkoS ivc BweI kwnH isMG nwBw ny ivkws1 dw Bwv-ArQ pswr, PYlwau, iKVx (pRPul hox, ivRDI vwDw, Awid idqw hY qy ivgws nUM ivkws nwl hI qulnWidAW pRsMnqw (Nnwnk Bgqw sdw ivgwsu2) qy pRkwS (dIpku sbid ivgwisAw3) dy gurbwxI Anuswr Bwv ArQ dy ky vKrw sMdrB dy idqw hY[jy sc puCo qW gurbwxI ivc ivkws Sbd ikDry hY hI nhIN ies dy nyVy dw Sbd ivgws hY qy ienHW donW SbdW dy sMdrB ivc mwnv ivkws dI crcw krWgy[ ies crcw leI hyT ilKy svwlW dy jvwb idqy jwxy zrUrI hn:

1. mwnv jW mnu~K
2. AwdrS mwnv
3. mwnv mnorQ
4. ivkws
5. ivgws
6. mwnv ivkws
7. mwnv ivgws
8. gurbwxI Anuswr mwnv ivgws

mwnv jW mn~uK

Awm qOr qy AsIN mwnv jW mnuK nUM aus hf mws dy ijauNdy jwgdy puqly nUM sMboDq krky kihMdy hW ijs dw iek Kws rUp hY qy jo ikirAwvW pRqIikirAwvW krn leI idmwg jW mn rKdw hY[ isRStI ivc mnu`K SRomxI jIv hY[swry bRihmMf ivc mnu`K dI pdvI kyNdrI hY[ AYvoyilaUSn iQaurI Anuswr vI mnu`K jwqI nUM qr`kI dw sB qoN auqlw fMfw mMinAw jWdw hY[ koeI m`q-mqWqr, koeI drSn jW ivigAwn mnu`K qoN ibnW hoNd ivc nhIN Aw skdw[ Enw icr koeI Drm jW &ls&w mukMml nhIN smiJAw jw skdw, ijMnw icr auh mn`uK dy jIvn qy ies dy AwdrS sMbMDI qs`lI-bKS cwnxw nhIN pwauNdw[ gurbwxI Anuswr sB kuJ Akwl purK dy hukm rUpI inXm Anuswr ho irhw hY[ "hukmI hovin jIA" gurvwk hY[auh inXm ijs Anuswr jIv jnm lYNdy hn, krmW dw inXm hY[ krmI AwvY kpVw ndrI moK duAwr[Awqmw krmW Anuswr srIr pRwpq krdI hY qy aus dI nzr imhr sdkw hI Awayx jwx dy Gyr ivcoN mukqI pRwpq krky iPr pRmwqmw nwl jw imldI hY[ieh g`l krmW dy guxW dy ADIn hY[ qr`kI vwly pwsy cMgy krmW dw AMqlw Pl mn`uKw jnm dI pRwpqI hY:

keI jnm Bey kIt pqMgw ] keI jnm gj mIn kurMgw ]
keI jnm pMKI srp hoieE ] keI jnm hYvr ibRK joieE ] 1]
imlu jgdIs imln kI brIAw ] icrMkwl ieh dyh sMjrIAw ]1] rhwau ]
keI jnm sYl igir kirAw ]keI jnm grB ihir KirAw ]
keI jnm swK kir aupwieAw] lK caurwsIh join BRmwieAw ]2]
swDsMig BieE jnmu prwpiq ] kir syvw Bju hir hir gurmiq ] (pMnw 176)
​

jIv dI qr`kI dI pauVI dw, mwns jnm, AMqlw fMfw hY[ jy mnu`Kw jnm Dwr ky AwpxI qr`kI dI r&qwr nUM jIv kwiem r`Kygw qW hor vI aucyrw mn`uK bxygw qy AMq nUM s`cKMf pDwrygw[ jy kukrmW ivc pY jwvy qW iPr hyTW nUM inGrygw qy iPr jUnW ivcoN guzrdw rhygw

lK caurwsIh join sbweI] mwxs kau pRiB dIeI vifAweI]
iesu pauVI qy jo nru cUkY so Awie jwie duKu pwiedw]2](pMnw 1075)
​

isRStI rcnw bwry jdoN AsIN jwnx dw Xqn krdy hW qW AsIN vyKdy hW ik hukm haumY dy Asr hyT prm q`q do rUp Dwrdw hY, iek Awqmw dw qy dUjw pRikrqI dw[ Awqmw qW dYvI gux kwiem r`KdI hY Aqy Awpxy Asly ivc im`s nhIN pYx idMdI[ Su`D qy Akih rihMdI hY[ ies leI bRhm dy nyVy huMdI hY[ pRikrqI rjo, qmo, sqo iqMnW guxW dy Asr krky sQUl qy sUKm q`qW dw rUp DwrdI hY[Awqmw dw qy pRwikriqk q`qW dy sMjog dw nW mn`uK (jIv) hY[ Awqmw mn`uK dy ivc jIvwqmw AKvwauNdI hY[ ieh r`b dI joq hY[sRI gurU Amrdws jI dw &urmwn hY:

ey srIrw myirAw hir qum mih joiq rKI qw qU jg mih AwieAw]
hir joiq rKI quDu ivic qw qU jg mih AwieAw]
hir Awpy mwqw Awpy ipqw ijin jIau aupwie jgqu idKwieAw]
gur prswdI buiJAw qw clqu hoAw clqu ndrI AwieAw]
khY nwnku isRsit kw mUlu ricAw joiq rwKI qw qU jg mih AwieAw](pMnw 921)​

mnu`Kw-dyhI dy do v`fy pihlU hn, srIr qy Awqmw[ dohW dw Aslw ie~k hY[ sQUl Bwg rkq-ibMd dy myl qoN bxnw SurU huMdw hY[ SYv m`q vwly qy vydWqI vI mn`uKI srIr dI bxqr ies qrHW hI d`sdy hn[ rkq iesqrI dy srIr dw qy ibMd mrd dy srIr dw ih`sw huMdI hY[ ieh dovyN ihsy iml ky pRPulq huMdy hn qy jIvwqmw leI srIr iqAwr krdy hn[ ieh srIr AMn dy Awsry kwiem hY[ "swFy qRY mx dyhurI clY pwxI AMin]" iesy leI ieh AMnmeI koS kihlwauNdw hY[ ieh sB qoN bwhrlw prdw hY[ ies koS ivc p`Ty, h`fIAW, nwVIAW mnu`KI ibMd ivc jV r`KdIAW hn qy cmVI, mws, vwl Awid iesqrI rkq nwl sMbMiDq hn[ swry srIr dy mMdr nUM QMmHx vwlw pRwx hY[ ieh swfy srIr dw iek hor Bwg hY, ies nUM "pRwxmeI koS" kihMdy hn[Awqmw dy sMbMD krky jo Adlw-bdlI srIr ivc huMdI hY auh mn hY, ies dw m`uF pMc BUqk srIr hI hY[ieh mnomeI koS hY[ igAwn b`uDI dw ivSw hY qy AwnMd Awqmw dw[ Awqmw dI rON qW swry koSW ivc vgdI hY, pr aus dw ^wls ikRSmw AwnMd srUp ivc hY[ srIr, im`tI, hvw, A`g, pwxI dw myl hY[ ies ivc b`uDI dw pRkwS hY[ ieh iek AijhI mSIn hY ijhVI pRwxW dy Awsry c`ldI hY[ ieh Akwl purKI joq dw ikRSmw hY:

pauxY pwxI AgnI kw mylu] cMcl cpl buiD kw Kylu]
nau drvwjy dsvw duAwru] buJu ry igAwnI eyhu bIcwru]
kQqw bkqw sunqw soeI] Awpu bIcwry su igAwnI hoeI]
dyhI mwtI bolY pauxu] buJu ry igAwnI mUAw hY kauxu](pMnw 152)​

mwnv jW mnuK dy cwr Bwg dyhI, pRwx, mn Aqy Awqmw Apxy Apxy kwrj inBwauNdy hn[gurbwxI ivc mnu`KI dyhI nUM kwieAw, hir mMdr, v`fw iklHw (kot) iCdR, slok, soq, dyhI, srIr, dyhurI, ipMf, ngr, Gr, qn, htVI, Git Awid pRmu`K nwvW nwl pyS kIqw igAw hY[ ies dw AwDwr Akwl purK dI joq jo jMmdI-mrdI nhIN, Awqmw hI jIvn hY[ ieh srIr ies dw mMdr hY, ieh ies mMdr dI vsnIk hY:

mnu mMdru qnu swjI bwir] ies hI mDy bsqu Apwr](pMnw 180)

nau iniD AMimRqu pRB kw nwmu] dyhI mih ies kw ibsRwmu](pMnw 293)

iehu srIru sBu Drmu hY ijsu AMdir scy kI ivic joiq](pMnw 309)

kwieAw kotu Apwru hY AMdir htnwly] (pMnw 309)

jo bRhmMfy soeI ipMfy jo KojY so pwvY]
pIpw pRxvY prm qqu hY siqguru hoie lKwvY](pMnw 695)

jb lgu jobin swsu hY qb lgu iehu qnu dyh]
ibnu gux kwim n AwveI Fih FyrI qnu Kyh](pMnw 20)
​

ieh srIr bRhm joq dw mMdr hY, ies leI ies nUM Arog qy Su`D sw& r`Kxw mwnvI Prz hY[ "kwieAw pivq hY srIr]" srIr nUM mn, bc, krm krky mlIn nhIN hox dyxw cwhIdw[ lgBg hr Drm ny ies dI Su`Dqw qy zor id`qw hY[ eIsweI mhWpurK syNt pwl ny vI iliKAw hY ik ikauMik srIr r`b dw mMdr hY, ies leI ies nUM piv`qr r`Kxw qy ies dI piv`qrqw nUM kwiem r`Kxw mnu`K dw prm Drm hY[ mlIn iKAwlW qy BYVy SbdW qy kukrmW nwl ies nUM gMdw nhIN krnw cwhIdw[ AYipktIts ny vI ikhw hY ik hy mnu`K! qyry AMdr r`b hY qy qYnUM pqw nhIN ik qUM Awpxy BYVy bcnW qy mlIn krmW nwl r`b dI byAdbI qy inrwdrI kr irhw hYN[ gurbwxI qW AYlwn krdI hY ik:

ies dyhI kau ismrih dyv] so dyhI Bju hir kI syv](pMnw 1159)
​

mnu`K jwiq au~cI qy su`cI hY[ sB qoN au~cI:

Avr join qyrI pinhwrI] iesu DrqI mih qyrI iskdwrI](pMnw 374)
​

srIr dw h`d isrw sU^mqw dy rUp ivc mn hY[ srIr qy mn ieko lVI dy do isry hn[ mn cwhy pMjW q`qW qoN hI jnimAw hY, pr vwsqv rUp ivc mn vI joiq rUp hI hY, gurvwk hY:

mn qUM joiq srUpu hY Awpxw mUlu pCwxu](pMnw 441)
​

ArQwq mn dw AKIrlw isrw Awqmw nwl jw imldw hY[ iPr ieauN smJo ik ij`Qy srIr mu`kdw hY, auQoN mn SurU huMdw hY qy ijQy mn mu`kdw hY, auQy Awqmw SurU huMdI hY[ pr ienHW ivc &rk iksm dw nhIN, drjy dw hY[ p`Qr, ibRC, pSU qy mnu`K ieh cwr drjy hn[ sB ivc Awqmw hY, iPr vI AsIN p`Qr nUM jVH qy mnu`K nUM cyqMn kihMdy hW[ iehI &rk drjy dw hY, gux dw hY, jwq dw nhIN[ so gurbwxI Anuswr mn`uK bwkI dy bRihmMf qoN iBMn qW pRqIq huMdw hY, pr iblkul v`Krw nhIN hY[ swry bRihmMf ivc eykqw hY qy Anykqw vI hY[ pr Asl eykqw hI hY[ iesy qrHW Awqmw q`q hY qy aus dw sMbMD mn qy srIr nwl hY, vyKx ivc iBMn-iBMn pr Aslw ieko hY[ ies mnu`Kw-dyhI ivc nwm rUpI AsMK vsqW hn[ sRI gurU Amrdws jI acwrdy hn:

iesu kwieAw AMdir vsqu AsMKw] gurmuiK swcu imlY qw vyKw]
nau drvwjy dsvY mukqw Anhd sbdu vjwvixAw](pMnw 110)​

gurmiq ivc ieh qn-dyhI nUM soD ky mn nUM gurSbd ivc lwaux nwl hI mnu`Kw jIvn dw audyS pRwpq ho skdw hY[ prMqU ieh gurU jI dI Apwr bKiSS qy AQwh ihq krky hI sMBv hY:

iehu mnu dyhI soiD qUM gur sbid vIcwir]
nwnk iesu dyhI ivic nwmu inDwnu hY
pweIAY gur kY hyiq Apwir](pMnw 427)​

AwdrSk mwnv jW purK

gurbwxI ivc ies AwdrSk mwnv dI pltI hoeI kwieAw nUM mwns qoN dyvqw hox dI AvsQw nwl qSbIh id`qI geI hY:

ijin mwxs qy dyvqy kIey krq n lwgI vwr] (pMnw 462)

dyvqw pd dI pRwpqI vwsqy siqgurW ny mn`uK vwsqy iek mrXwdw dw pwlx krnw zrUrI d`isAw hY [ies mrXwdw ivc dYink kwr-ivhwr qoN lY ky svyr qoN Swm qk dI ikirAw dw vrxn kIqw igAw hY[ ijhVw ivAkqI gurbwxI dy d`sy ies rsqy ’qy cldw hY aus nUM AwdrSk purS vjoN gurmuK qy ‘guris`K’ dI pdvI id`qI geI hY:

gur siqgur kw jo isKu AKwey su Blky auiT hir nwmu iDAwvY]
audmu kry Blky prBwqI iesnwnu kry AMimRq sir nwvY]
aupdyis gurU hir hir jpu jwpY siB iklivK pwp doK lih jwvY]
iPir cVY idvsu gurbwxI gwvY bhidAw auTidAw hir nwmu iDAwvY]
jo swis igrwis iDAwey myrw hir hir so gurisKu gurU min BwvY]
ijs no dieAwlu hovY myrw suAwmI iqsu gurisK gurU aupdysu suxwvY]
jnu nwnku DUiV mMgY iqsu gurisK kI jo Awip jpY Avrh nwmu jpwvY](pMnw 305-06)​

sws-igrws pRBU nUM mn ivc vsw ky pRBU nUM iDAw ky pRBU dI ikRpw dw pwqr bixAw jWdw hY[ Aijhy guris`K nUM eISvr ibbyk bu`D b^Sdw hY ijs duAwrw auh kyvl pRBU nwl Awp hI nhIN juVdw blik auh AwpxI mukqI qoN ielwvw bwkI sMswr dy jIvW nUM nwm jpwvx Bwv r`bI mwrg ’qy c`lx, Drm kmwaux dy pwsy lwauNdw hY[ ies pRkwr iek AwdrSk purS vwsqy Drm dw mwrg inrol ivAkqIgq rsqw nhIN sgoN smwijk jIvn hY[ gurU swihbwn ny smu`cy ivSv nUM ieh sMklp id`qw hY ik koeI vI ivAkqI Awpxy ih`qW qoN bwhr jw ky ijMnw icr srb`q dy Bly vwsqy Ardws nhIN krdw aus dy swry krm ivArQ hn[ ies vwsqy iek AwdrSk mn`uK dw jIvn Dwrimk hox dy nwl-nwl smwijk purS vjoN sPl jIvn jIauxw Aiq lwzmI hY[

AwdrSk purS ikrq krdw vMf Ckdw qy nwm jpdw imlI svwsW dI pMUNjI nUM lyKy lwauNdw hY[sdwcwr dw jIvn ijauNdw hY[sB jIvW nUM pRmwqmw dI joq jwxdw hY qy koeI Byd Bwv nhI pwldw[ iksy nwl vYr ivroD nhI pwldw, sB nwl bxwky rKdw hY:

nw ko bYrI nhI ibgwnw sgl sMig hm kau bin AweI](pMnw 1299)
​

hlImI Dwrn krdw hY qy haumY nUM pTy nhIN pwaydw [AwdrSk purS vwsqy haumY nUM dUr krnw bVw zrUrI hY, aus dw ihrdw inrml hovy Aqy inmrqw nwl BirAw hoieAw hovy:

hm nhI cMgy burw nhI koie]pRxviq nwnku qwry soie] (pMnw 728)
​

AwpxI rotI-rozI vwsqy BweI lwlo vWg Awp imhnq krdw hY, dUijAW au~pr inrBr nhIN huMdw[g`lW nwl JUTy iviKAwnW nwl r`b dI pRwpqI nhIN ho skdI, “kwr dy nwl-nwl idl nUM krqwr nwl” joVn dI loV hY[jykr ikqy mn ivc duibDw pYdw huMdI hY qW aus vwsqy sMgq ivc bYT ky ivcwr krn nUM ikhw igAw hY[gRhsqI jIvn ivc rihMidAW vI jl mih kml smwn pRmwqmw nwl juiVAw rihMdw hY [sMgq ivc nwm crcw krdw hY[

hoie iekqR imlhu myry BweI duibDw dUir krhu ilv lwie]
hir nwmy ky hovhu joVI gurmuiK bYshu sPw ivCwie](pMnw 1185)
​

haumY nUM iqAwg ky siq dI pCwx v`l vDdw hY[ pRBU dI ikRpw duAwrw ibbyk bu`D jnm lYNdI hY[ iPr jIv cMgy Aqy mwVy krm ivc AMqr krky nykI v`l vDdw hY[ hOlI-hOlI svwrQ Bwvnw ^qm huMdI hY[ aus dI QW smwijk idRStI dw ivkws huMdw hY, praupkwrI bxdw hY[ smwj dy Bly vwsqy Xogdwn pwauNdw hoieAw ivSv-ihqYSI bxdw hY[ hr vkq nwm dw prvwh c`ldw hY qy inrMkwr dI ausqq krdw rihMdw hY[ gurbwxI ivc drj hY:

suKmnI suK AMimRq pRB nwmu] Bgq jnw kY min ibsRwm](pMnw 262)
​

ies qrW dy srIr ivc kwieAw, mihl, mMdr, Gr iqAwr krvw ky aus ivc joq r`K ky prmwqmw Awpxy imlx vwsqy gurmuKW nUM Awp bulwauNdw hY:

kwieAw mhlu mMdru Gru hir kw iqsu mih rwKI joiq Apwr]​

nwnk gurmuiK mhil bulweIAY hir myly mylxhwr]4]5](pMnw 1256)
​

ijauN hI prmwqmw gurmuKW nUM Apxy Gr bulwauNdw hY, audoN gurmuKW dI prm AnMd dI AvsQw huMdI hY

gurmuiK jwie imlY inj mhlI Anhd sbdu bjwvYgo]5]​

jIA jMq sB issit aupweI gurmuiK soBw pwvYgo]​

ibnu gur Byty ko mhlu n pwvY Awie jwie duKu pwvYgo]6](pMnw 1310)
​

prmwqmw pRwpqI hI qW Asl ivgws hY ijs nwl AnMd dI siQqI auqpMn huMdI hY

AnMdu BieAw myrI mwey siqgurU mY pwieAw]​

Siqgur qW pwieAw shj mn vjIAw vwDweIAW](rwmklI m:3, pMnw 917:2)​

mnuK dw pRmwqmw nUM pwauxw Aqy smwauxw hI shI jIvn AwdrS hY qy ieho hY ivgws dI isKr [
mn`uK dw jIvn mnorQ
gurbwxI Anuswr mnuK dw mnorQ moh mwieAw dy bMDnW qoN aupr auT ky nwm jpxw qy pRmwqmw nUM pwauxw Aqy smwauxw hY[imswl vjoN
ਗੁਰ ਕੈ sbid ਅੰਤਰਿ ਬ੍ਰਹਮੁ ਪਛਾਣੁ ॥੨॥ (ਮ: 3, ਪੰਨਾ 364, ਸਤਰ 17)

ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਸਬਦੇ ਸਚਿ ਲਿਵ ਲਾਗੈ ਕਰਿ ਨਦਰੀ ਮੇਲਿ ਮਿਲਾਏ ॥ (rwmklI mhlw 1, pMnw, 944:11)

sBy glw ivsrnu ieko ivsir n jwau ]​

DMDw sBu jlwie kY guir nwmu dIAw scu suAwau] ​

Awsw sBy lwih kY iekw Aws kmwau] ​

ijnI siqguru syivAw iqn AgY imilAw Qwau] 1] ​

(isrIrwgu mhlw 5, pMnw 43)
​

iesy dI ivAwiKAw kridAW gurbwxI ivc sRI guru Arjn dyv jI PurmwauNdy hn ik mnuK mwieAw ivc mugD dinAwvI pRwpqIAW qy hI pRsMn hoeI jWdw hY pr Axjwx Apxw AslI jIvn mksd nhIN pCwxdw ikauNik ausdw AslI jIvn mksd scw nwm lYxw qy pRmwqmw dI isPq slwh rwhIN jIvn mrn dy Gyr ivcoN mukqI pRwpq krnI hY qy aus scy prm ipqw nUM pwauxw Aqy smwauxw hY[4

kwrj auh kIqw jWdw hY ijs ivc lwhw hovy[ pRwpqI, sMquStI,pRsMnqw vI lwhy dy nwl juVy hoey hn pRqU donW sMdrBW ivc lwhw vK vK qrHW dw hY[gurbwxI Anuswr ieh lwhw rwm nwm ivc hY :

lwhw kljuig rwmnwmu hY (mlwr m:3, pMnw 1262:9),​

lwhw nwm rqnu jip swru (rwmklI m:1, pMnw 931:8)
​

gurmuiK pwey nwmu Apwrw ] AMdir mhl rqnI Bry BMfwrw ]​

gurmuiK vxjy sdw vwpwrI lwhw nwmu sd pwvixAw ]​

Awpy vQu rwKY Awpy dyie [[gurmuiK vxjih kyeI kyie]​

(mwJ, mÚ 3, 126-11-13)
​

mwnv iSRStI aupr krm kmwaux leI ByijAw igAw hY[ausny auh sB kwrj inbwhuxy hn ijnHW ijnHW leI aus nUM hukm huMdw hY [hukm Anuswr kwrj krn leI jdoN auh Xog isiKAwvW lYNdw hY qW aus ivc kwrj kuSlqw qy inpuMnqw vDdI hY[hr pVw skuSl pwr krn qy vI aus nUM KuSI imldI hY, ies qrW auh ivgws idAW Af Af pVwvW ivcoN guzrdw hY qy AKIr ivc jd imQI mMizl dI pRwpqI kr lYdw hY qW auh prm AwnMd dw BwgI ho jWdw hY[
ivkws
ivkws bVw pRclq Sbd hY ijs nUM AsIN Awm izMdgI ivc mnuK jW smwj dy AwriQk vwDy nwl joVdy hW[ivkws dIAW jo pRIBwSwvW swnUM hor BOqk vwdI ivSv koSW ivcoN imldIAW hn ijnHW sB dw sMdrB AwriQk vwDy qy aus qoN pRwpq hoeI srIrk qy mwnisk sMquStI nwl hY [imswl vjoN kuJ pRIBwSwvW jo Development hyT imlIAW hn:

1. vDw, PYlw qy suDwr nwl soDx dI pRikirAw[5
2. iek islisly dw drjwvwr iek pVw qoN Agly pVwvW qk phuMcxw[
3. augxw qy vDxw
4. pRPul hox dI pRikirAw, vDwrw, qrkI ijvyN ik bwl ivkws, AwriQk ivkws]6
5. QlVI jW swdI dSw qoN qrkIXwPqw, guMJldwr jW prOV dSw vl vDxw7

ienHW pRIBwSwvW dy muK AMS hn: pRPul hox dI pRikirAw, vDwrw, qrkI [ivkws dIAW pRIBwSwvW Evolution Qly vI Aw jWdIAW hn [mwnv dI ivkws ikirAw dy isDWq ivkws isDWq (Theory of Evolution) Anuswr mn`uKI srIr dy hoNd ivc Awaux qoN pihlW ijMd keI srIrW iv`coN lMGI[ inrjIv mwdy iv`coN pihlW jIv bnspqI dy rUp ivc pYdw hoey, iPr jwnvrW dy rUp iv`coN ivkws krdw, bWdr Awid dy srIr qoN qr`kI krdw mn`uK dw srIr bixAw[ ieh ies ivkws ƒ srIirk mMndy hn Aqy ienHW Anuswr jd srIr dw ivkws huMdw hY, sUJ jW cyqnqw ivc vI qr`kI huMdI jWdI hY Aqy AMq mnu`KI dyh ivc ivcwr Aqy inrxw SkqI vI Aw jWdI hY[

smwj ivigAwnIAW Aqy ArQ SwsqrIAW ny hux ieh is`tw k`iFAw hY ik Drm iksy vI smwj dy ivkws ivc mh`qvpUrn qy pRBwvSwlI BUimkw inBwauNdw hY[ pihlW ieh mMinAw jWdw sI ik Drm dw sMbMD kyvl Awqmw, prmwqmw Aqy sMswr dI Kyf dy rh`s nwl juVy pRSnW dy au~qr l`Bx nwl hY Aqy ies dw AwriQk ivkws nwl koeI nyVlw sMbMD nhIN hY[

bolifMg kihMdw hY "Drm dw pRBwv, AwriQk soc nwloN jIvn au~qy ikqy vDyry hY[ AwpxI AwrMBqw qoN hI, Drm ny nw kyvl vsqUAW dI pRikrqI nUM pRBwvq kIqw, ijnHW ny ArQ Swsqr leI mu`K ivSw-vsqU bxnw huMdw hY, sgoN AwriQk sMsQwvW qy ikRAwvW nUM vI pRBwvq kIqw ijnHW ny AwriQk ivkws nUM inrDwrq krn ivc v`fw Xogdwn pwauxw huMdw hY[ bhuqw krky mnu`KW dy mnW AMdrlI siQqI qy inrBr krdw hY ik smwj ivc sbl auqpwdkI SkqI bxygw[iesy ivkws ny mnu`K nUM qrsXog hwlqW, Bu`KmrI Aqy s`iBAqw dy ^qirAW qoN pwr lMGwieAw.....qy ies mnu`KI ivkws dw pRBwvI Drm nwl nyVlw sMbMD hY[8

Awvwgvn dy isDWq Aqy ivkws dy isDWq ivc Byd ieh hY ik ipClw isDWq qW isr& srIr qk hI sIimq rihMdw hY Aqy mMndw hY ik srIirk au~nqI Anuswr AMdrlI sUJ vDdI jWdI hY[ pr Awvwgvn dw isDWq ieh d`sdw hY ik jIv-Awqmw dI AwpxI AvsQw Anuswr aus ƒ cMgyrw srIr imldw hY[gurU swihb ny drswieAw hY ik jIv-Awqmw ny hyTly drijAW (jUnIAW) dw jIvn bqIq kr ky bhuq smyN ip`CoN ies ‘mwns dyh’ dw jwmw ilAw hY Aqy ieh vI d`isAw hY ik ieh mn`uKw jnm ies Awvwgvn dy c`kr ƒ k`tx dw sB qoN vDIAw smW hY:

imlu jgdIs imln kI brIAw]icrMkwl ieh dyh sMjrIAw] (pMnw 176)
​

ieh dyh curwsI dw c`kr pUrw kr ky imlI hY[ kIVy-pqMgy, hwQI, m`C, kurMg, pMCI, s`p, GoVy, dr^q, phwV Awid curwsI l`K jUnIAW ivc ieh jIv BONdw irhw hY[ gurmiq ivc ies isDWq ƒ bVI idRVHqw nwl pyS kIqw igAw hY[ prMqU, ij`Qy jIv-Awqmw dy kItpqMigAW qoN mnu`Kw dyh ivc Awaux bwry d`isAw igAw hY, auQy ieh vI sp`St kIqw igAw hY ik ieh jIv-Awqmw hyTlIAW jUnW ivc vI pY skdI hY[ ieh B`uilAw hoieAw mnmuKI jIv ‘rwj, imlk, iskdwrIAW’ dy rUp Bogx ivc K`cq rihx vwlw, jo pwrbRhm ƒ icq nhIN ilAwauNdw, gurU jI &rmwauNdy hn ik s`p dI jUnI ivc pYNdw hY:

rwj imlk iskdwrIAw rs Bogx ibsQwr]bwg suhwvy sohxy clY hukmu APwr]​

rMg qmwsy bhu ibDI cwie lig rihAw]​

iciq n AwieE pwrbRhmu qw srp kI jUin gieAw](pMnw 70)
​

Bgq iqRlocn jI iesy ivcwr dI hor sp`Stqw krdy hn[ Awp jI dw ivcwr hY ik AMq smyN jo lCmI dw hI icMqn krdy hn Aqy iesy mwieAw dI icMqw ivc mr jWdy hn auh muV-muV s`p dI jUn ivc pYNdy hn[ ijs pRwxI dI surq AMq smyN iesqrI Bogx ivc huMdI hY, auh Agly jnm smyN vysvw dI jUnI ivc pYNdw hY[ ijs dw i^Awl sMqwn dI moh-mmqw ivc huMdw hY auh sUrI dI jUnI ivc pYNdw hY[ so, jo Amq smyN aus dy mn ivc sMklp bx jWdw hY, ausy qrHW dw Bog Bogx leI aus ƒ AijhI jUn ivc pYxw hI pYNdw hY[

jIv dy kIqy hoey krmW dy sMskwr hn jo aus ƒ jUnW ivc GumwauNdy hn, prMqU, ieh ikirAw iks qrHW vwprdI hY, ies ’qy ivcwr loVINdI hY[ iek jUnI qoN dUjI jUnI ivc Awaux vyly jd mn iek AvsQw qoN dUsrI AvsQw ivc AwauNdw hY qW auh pihlI jUn dy swry sMskwr C`f ky nhIN AwauNdw, blik sU^m srIr ivc aunHW sMskwrW dw is`tw aus ivc kwiem rihMdw hY[
gurbwxI Anuswr mn`uK ivc pMj mu`K pSU-rucIAW kwm, kRoD, loB, moh, AhMkwr hn[ ies qrHW mnu`K dw mn, A`KW, kMnW, n`k, mUMh qy qÍcw rwhIN sMquSt hox vwly pMjW iviSAW dw Zulwm hY Aqy ieh ivSy rUp, Sbd, sugMD, rs, sprS hn[ ieh sB pSU suBwA nwl sMbMiDq hn Aqy ijhVw mnu`K ienHW ivc K`cq ho ky Awpxy AwdrS ƒ B`ul jwvy gurbwxI ivc aus ƒ pSUAW qoN vI BYVw igixAw igAw hY[ ieh pSUivSy ies leI khy jWdy hn, ikauNik ieh pSUAW ivc vI hn[ keI pSUAW ivc isr& ienHW iv`coN ie`k-ie`k hI ivSw hY, ijs dy ADIn ho ky ieh auh Awpxw jIvn guAw lYNdy hn[

pRo. Syr isMG Anuswr—“mn`uK ivc ieh swry ivSy hn ijs qoN ieh is`D huMdw hY ik mn`uK ienHW jUnIAW ivc dI lMG ky AwieAw Aqy ieh BI is`D huMdw hY ik ipCly Asrwq jW sMskwr srIr ivc kwiem rihMdy hn[” 9

ies qrHW iek jUnI dw suBwA dUsrI jUnI ivc vI kwiem rihMdw hY[ prMqU, ieh suBwA kI hY? mwnisk iv`idAw dy KojI mn dy do v`fy Bwg sucyq Aqy Acyq mMndy hn[ mn`uK dy sucyq mn au~qy igAwnieMdRIAW dy rwhIN bwhrly iviSAW dy sMskwr Acyq mn ivc phuMc jWdy hn, ij`Qy phuMc ky ieh mn`uK dy suBwA dw rUp Dwrn kr lYNdy hn[

ihMdusqwnI ivcwrvwn Awvwgvn ƒ mMndy hn, ies leI auh iksy Kws mn`uK dy suBwA ƒ aus dy mn dy ipCly jnmW dy sMskwrW dw Pl mMndy hn[ sMskwr kI huMdy hn? BweI joD isMG Anuswr-“ijkur ryq ivc qurIey qW Kurw l`g jWdw hY, iekur hI mn iv`coN lMGx ’qy sMklp Kurw C`f jWdy hn[”10

ivgws

pRMqU jy AsIN gurbwxI dw inrxw krIey qW swnUM ivkws Sbd ikqy vI vriqAw nhIN lBdw jd ik ivgws dw pRXog hoieAW hY[imswl vjo jpujI ivc sqvIN qoN igAwrvIN pauVI dw AwDwr hI ivgws hY11 ijQy ivgws dw BwvArQ rUhwnI pRsMnqw, KyVw jW roSnI12 qoN ilAw igAw hY qy ies nUM BgqI nwl sbMDq kIqw igAw hY nW ik AwriQk kwrjW ivc ruJy mnuKW nwl hY[ ivgws dw Bwv pRsMnqw dI rUhwnI AnMd pRwpqI dI AvsQw hY ijs nUM AMgRyzI dy bils qoN aupr qy AYkstYsI dy nyVy dI dSw ikhw jw skdw hY[

‘myrw mnu qnu sbid ivgwisAw jip Anq qrMgw]’ (Awsw m:4, 449:4)

ivkws qy ivgws dI qulnw

ivkws qy ivgws SbdW ivc pRsMnqw Durw hY pr pRsMnqw dw vMn Alg hY[jd AsIN koeI mnorQ rK ky kwrj krdy hW qW aus dy mnorQ Anuswr sMpUrn hox qy pRsMnqw imldI hY[imswl vjoN jd AsIN ies mnorQ nwl KyqI krdy hW ik AsI ies vrHy Kyq ivcoN 2 lK rupey kmwauxy hn qy swnUM kmweI do lK dI ho jWdI hY qW swnUM sMquStI huMdI hY qy AsIN prsMn huMdy hW[iesy qrHW jy AsI ies mnorQ nwl pwT jW BgqI krdy hW ik swNnUM prmwqmw prwpqI hovy qy pRmwqmW dI pRwpqI huMdI hY qW swnUM rUhwnI AnMd pRwpqI huMdI hY[ieh donoN kwrj pRsMnqw leI hn pr donW kwrjW dy sMpUrn hox ipCoN jo pRsMnqw imldI hY aus dy rMg vMn vK hn [ivkws qy ivgws dw AMqr hyT idqI qwilkw ivc idqw igAw hY:

• • pK ivkws ivgws sMklp pCmI ivcwrDwrw dw sMklp gurbwxI dw sMklp sMquStI srIrk sMquStI Awqmk AnMd syD syD pdwrQk aunqI syD pRmwqmw pRwpqI sMbMD srIr qy mn srIr, pRwx-SkqI, mn qy rUh ivkws srIrk, pdwrQk, duinAwvI Awqmk, rUhwnI,

mwnv ivkws qy mwnv ivgws

mwnv ivkws qy mwnv ivgws mnuK jwqI nUM auicAwaux dy do pihlU hn [mwnv ivkws mwnv sroq igAwn dw auh ivSw hY ijs Anuswr mwnv dy AwriQk pKoN ivkws dw mwrg suJwieAw jWdw hY ijs dI pRwpqI srIrk sMquStI hY[mwnv ivgws gurbwxI dw drswieAw auh mwrg hY ijs sdkw mnuK ApxI jIvn syD pRmwqmw pRwpqI vl krky smucy srIr, mn qy rUh dI iqRpqI pRwpq krdw hY qy Akih AnMd pwauNdw hY[mwnv ivkws pCmI ivcwrDwrw dw sMklp hY jdik mwnv ivgws gurbwxI dw sMklp hY [mwnv ivkws dI hd srIrk sMquStI hY ijs ivc mn dw vI kuJ Bwg hY jd ik mwnv ivgws dI syD pRmwqmw pRwpqI qy hd ivc srIr, pRwx-SkqI, mn qy rUh AwauNdy hn[

mnuKI ivkws srIrk qy AwriQk auplBdIAW dw zrIAw hY ijs sdkw srIr qy mn dI sMquStI huMdI hY[ies ivc BOiqk, srIrk, mwnisk, AwriQk Aqy siBAwcwrk ivkws rwhI hoeI sMquStI Swiml hY[13 mnuKI ivgws mwnv dw pRmwqmw pRwpqI jW AiDAwqmk mwrg qy clidAW hoieAW kIqIAW pRwpqIAW qoN imilAw AwnMd hY[ ienHW pRwpqIAW nUM mwnvI mnorQ swhmxy rKky nwipAw jWdw hY[

gurbwxI Anuswr mwnv ivgws

gurbwxI Anuswr ieh ivgws pRmwqmw dy hukm Anuswr clky aus dI isPq slwh rwhI nwm jpidAW ilv lwauidAW aus dI bKiSS pRwpq krky aus nUM pwauxw Aqy aus ivc smwaux dw hY [ieh ivgws ikvyN hovy ies dw ivsQwr jpujI dy KMfW dI ivAwiKAw krdy vyly idqw igAwN hY [

is`K Drm dIAW prMprwvW, ieiqhws Aqy mu`K rUp ivc gurbwxI, AijhIAW kdrW-kImqW nUM auqSwihq krdy hn, ijnHW dw sMbMD mnu`K dy ivAkqIqv dI auswrI qoN lY ky, Gr-bwrI ivvsQw, smwijk cOigrdy Aqy smu`cI lokweI qk dy smwijk-AwriQk kilAwx dI cyqnw nUM ivkisq krn nwl hY[

gurbwxI Anuswr BOiqk sMswr pRqI phuMc: mnu`K, srb pRwxIAW Aqy jIvW ivcoN ies kwrn sRySt hY ik aus kol cyqMnqw dI pUrn sUKm sugwq kudrq v`loN bKSI hoeI mOjUd hY[ BweI joD isMG dw kQn hY : "mnu`KI Koj dw is`tw ieh hY ik ijMnI pUrnqw nUM ijMd qy cyqnqw ies mnu`KI dyh ivc pu`jIAW hn, EnI pUrnqw hor iksy jUn ivc nhIN:

Avr join qyrI pinhwrI]
iesu DrqI mih qyrI iskdwrI] (pMnw 374)​

nwly mnu`KW ivc hI au~nqI, Drm Awid dy iKAwl hn, hor ikqy nhIN id`sdy[........ ijqnI pdwrQk au~nqI sMswr ivc hoeI hY, auh kyvl ies g`l ivc hY ik jo kudrqI nym rcnw ivc kMm kr rhy hn, mnu`K ny aunHW nUM l`B ilAw hY qy aunHW nymW Anuswr c`lx krky s&lqw pRwpq kr irhw hY["14

fw. Syr isMG gurmiq ivcwrDwrw dI ivSySqw d`sdy hn ik ieh mnu`K nUM BWjvwdI nhIN bxwauNdw, "Dwrimk mMfl ivc kmwl hwsl krnw mnu`K dw AwdrS hY[ Dwrimk mMfl, sMswrI mMfl qoN v`Krw nhIN[ ies leI sMswr nUM JUT qy As`q smJ ky n`sxw nhIN, sgoN sMswr ivc pYdw hoey cOigrdy ivc jIv ny rihxw hY qy eysy cOigrdy dy ivc hI kmwl hwsl krnw hY["15

gurU nwnk swihb ny is`K nUM AijhI idRStI pRdwn kIqI qW jo auh BOiqk dIAW au~c isKrW nUM Awpxy jIvn AwdrS ivc Swml kr lvy[ moqIAW dy mMdr ausrnw, aunHW au~qy rqnW dy jVy hox qy kysr sugMDIAW dy lyp hoey hox dI vwsivkqw nUM, is`K, AsMBv nhIN igxdw, pr ies BOiqkqw dI pRPulqw ivc is`K AwpxI mwniskqw dw sMquln nhIN Kohxw cwhuMdw, eysy leI auh isRStI dy rcnhwr prmwqmw dI Xwd nUM mno ivswrn leI iksy kImq qy vI iqAwr nhIN:

moqI q mMdr aUsrih rqnI q hoih jVwau]
ksqUir kuMgU Agir cMdin lIip AwvY cwau]
mqu dyiK BUlw vIsrY qyrw iciq n AwvY nwau](pMnw 14)
​

isRStI dy KMf bRihmMf, AwkwS qy pwqwl sB s`cy hn, eysy leI is`K ienHW dI Koj ivc rUhwnI AnMd vI AnuBv krdw hY:

scy qyry KMf scy bRhmMf] scy qyry loA scy Awkwr](pMnw 463)
​

is`K Awpxy mn ivc aupdyS, krxI Aqy ie`Cw ivc sMquln bxweI r`Kdw hY Aqy aucycI Gwlxw pRqI pRyirq krdw rihMdw hY, auh ik`kr bIj ky dwKW dI Aws nhIN r`Kdw qy au~n k`q ky rySm dy supny lYx ivc ivSvws nhIN r`Kdw:

PrIdw loVY dwK ibjaurIAW ikkir bIjY jtu]
hMFY auNn kqwiedw pYDw loVY ptu](pMnw 1379)​

pdwriQk suKW nUM pRwpq krn dI lwlsw, is`K kdr pRxwlI dw ih`sw nhIN, pdwrQk bhulqw nUM isrjxw Aqy sMBv bxwaux dI Gwlxw Aqy smr`Qw is`K kdrW dI ivSySqweI hY[ fw: auipMdrjIq kOr dy ieh Sbd ies sMdrB ivc bVy pRsMgk hn : "Bwrq ivc jnmyN DrmW ivcoN is`K Drm pihlw Drm hY[ ijs ivc Awp imhnq krky Kwx qy ieMnw zor id`qw igAw hY[ ikrq krnw r`b dI pUjw vWg pwvn krm hY[ kMm krnw mnu`K dI iek buinAwdI loV hY[ kMm krn nwl mnu`K nUM AwpxIAW krqwrI SkqIAW vrqx dw mOkw pRwpq huMdw hY[ gurvwk hY : Gwil Kwie ikCu hQhu dyie] nwnk rwhu pCwxih syie] (pMnw 1245), iksy lwhyvMd DMdy ivc l`gxw mnu`K dw pihlw krq`v hY[ kMm krn nUM Dwrimk mh`qqw id`qI geI hY[ is`K m`q Anuswr auqpwdkI kMm Dwrimk Awcrx dw ivroDI nhIN, blik sMgI hY[.... is`K Drm ivc ivhly rih ky Kwxw iblkul vrijq hY[ iksy dw SoSx krky Kwxw vrijq hY[ Dwrimk sQwnW dy pUjw Dn qy inrBr hoxw vrijq hY[ corI, fkYqI, jUey dI kmweI qy Awpxw inrbwh clwauxw vrijq hY["16

sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI ny jpujI swihb ivc pMj mh`qvpUrn KMfW dw vrxn 34 qoN 37 qk cwr pauVIAW ivc kIqw hY [ieh pMj KMf hn-Drm KMf, igAwn KMf, srm KMf, krm KMf qy s`c KMf; ieh pMj KMf prmwqmw qk phuMcx dw mwrg hn[ienHW dw vyrvw hyT hY-

1. Drm KMf: jpujI swihb ivcly pMj KMfW nUM AiDAwqmk pRwpqI dy v`K-v`K pVwA ikhw jw skdw hY [ienHW pMjW pVwvW iv`coN pihlw pVwA Drm KMf dw hY [jpujI swihb ivc ies dw vrxn ies pRkwr kIqw igAw hY:

rwqI ruqI iQqI vwr ] pvx pwxI AgnI pwqwl ]
iqsu ivic DrqI Qwip rKI Drm swl ]
iqsu ivic jIA jugiq ky rMg ] iqn ky nwm Anyk Anµq ]
krmI krmI hoie vIcwru ] scw Awip scw drbwru ]
iqQY sohin pMc prvwxu ] ndrI krim pvY nIswxu ]
kc pkweI EQY pwie ] nwnk gieAw jwpY jwie ]34]
Drm KMf kw eyho Drmu](pMnw 7)
​

ies KMf ivc gurU swihb mnu`K nUM duinAwvI jIvn ivc ivcridAW cMgy kMm krn Aqy bury kMmW qoN bcx dI pRyrnw idMdy hn[ gurU swihb prmwqmw dI srb-SkqImwnqw bwry ibAwn krdy hoey, DrqI nUM iek DrmSwlw dy nwl qulnw idMdy hn[ mn`uK ies DrqI rUpI DrmSwlw ivc rihMidAW hoieAW cMgy-mwVy keI pRkwr dy krm krdw hY[ mn`uK dy ienHW krmW bwry ivcwr s`cy prmwqmw dI kcihrI ivc ‘s`c’ dI ksv`tI au~qy kIqI jWdI hY[ mn`uK ijs pRkwr dy kMm krygw, ausy qrHW dw hI aus nUM Pl imlygw[ isr& cMgy kMm krn vwly mn`uK nUM prmwqmw dy drbwr ivc pRvwngI imlygI qy bury kMm krn vwilAW nUM auQy ApRvwn kIqw jwvygw[ prMqU prmwqmw dy drbwr ivc pRvwngI leI mn`uK dy cMgy krmW dw hoxw hI kw&I nhIN[ ies dy leI prmwqmw dI imhr vI zrUrI hY[

2. igAwn KMf: jpujI swihb dI 35vIN pauVI dIAW dUjI qy dsvIN Aqy 36vIN pauVI dIAW pihlIAW do qukW ivc igAwn KMf bwry crcw kIqI geI hY[ gurU swihb pYNqIvIN pauVI ivc prmwqmw dy drbwr dw ic`qr pyS krdy hn:

igAwn KMf kw AwKhu krmu ]
kyqy pvx pwxI vYsMqr kyqy kwn mhys ]
kyqy brmy GwViq GVIAih rUp rMg ky vys ]
kyqIAw krm BUmI myr kyqy kyqy DU aupdys ]
kyqy ieMd cMd sUr kyqy kyqy mMfl dys ]
kyqy isD buD nwQ kyqy kyqy dyvI vys ]
kyqy dyv dwnv muin kyqy kyqy rqn smuMd ]
kyqIAw KwxI kyqIAw bwxI kyqy pwq nirMd ]
kyqIAw surqI syvk kyqy nwnk AMqu n AMqu ]35]
igAwn KMf mih igAwnu prcMfu] iqQY nwd ibnod kof AnMdu](pMnw 7)
​

prmwqmw dy drbwr ivc ikMny hI dyvI-dyvqy, dwnv, kudrq dIAW pRmu`K SkqIAW ijvyN hvw, pwxI, AMg, sUrj, cMdrmw hwzr rihMdy hn[ prmwqmw ienHW dI isrjxw qy sMcwlnw krn vwlw hY[ igAwn KMf dI AvsQw ivc mnu`K nUM prmwqmw dI byAMq isrjxw qy lIlHw dw igAwn ho jWdw hY[ prmwqmw dI ies ivSwl isrjxw ivc mn`uK nUM AwpxI ingUxI hsqI dw igAwn ho jWdw hY[ C`qIvIN pauVI dIAW AwrMBk pMgqIAW ivc vI gurU swihb igAwn KMf bwry crcw krdy hn[ igAwn KMf dI AvsQw ’qy p`uj ky mn`uK dw igAwn pRcMf ho jWdw hY[ igAwn dy pRcMf hox nwl mn`uK nUM Anhd nwd suxweI idMdw hY qy AwnMd dI pRwpqI huMdI hY[

3. srm KMf: ‘srm’ dI sB qoN srl ivAwiKAw Anuswr ies dw ArQ ‘au~dm’ hY[ ipRMsIpl qyjw isMG, pRo. swihb isMG Aqy fw. qwrn isMG Awid ivdvwnW ny ‘srm’ dy ArQ ‘au~dm’ (pirSRm) kIqy hn[ ienHW Anuswr ies AvsQw ivc phuMc ky ivAkqI au~dm duAwrw Awpxy mn ivc nykI dI Bwvnw nUM jwigRq kr lYNdw hY[C`qIvIN pauVI ivc gurU swihb srm KMf dw vrxn ies pRkwr krdy hn:

srm KMf kI bwxI rUpu] iqQY GwViq GVIAY bhuqu AnUpu]
qw kIAw glw kQIAw nw jwih] jy ko khY ipCY pCuqwie]
iqQY GVIAY suriq miq min buiD] iqQY GVIAY surw isDw kI suiD]36] (pMnw 7-8)
​

srm KMf nvIAW suMdr GwVqW GVy jwx dI AvsQw hY [ies AvsQw ivc mn`uKI cyqnw dw inrmwx muV qoN kIqw jWdw hY [ ies AvsQw ivc suriq, miq, mn Aqy bu`D dw nvW inrmwx kIqw jWdw hY[ dyviqAW Aqy is`D-purKW dI cyqnw dI GwVq vI iesy AvsQw ivc kIqI jWdI hY[ ies pRkwr srm KMf dI AvsQw ivc nw isr& nvIAW GwVqW GVIAW jWdIAW hn, sgoN ieh purwxIAW GwVqW dy Fihx dI vI AvsQw hY[

4. krm KMf: krm KMf dy ivdvwnW ny keI pRkwr dy ArQ kIqy hn [ies nUM sMsikRq Sbd mMnx vwly ivdvwnW ny ies nUM kMm, Aml, imhnq, au~dm, krxI Awid dy ArQW ivc mMinAw hY [ies nUM ArbI dw Sbd mMnx vwilAW ny ies dy ArQ- audwrqw, ikrpw, imhr, bKiSS Awid kIqy hn[ jpujI swihb ivc gurU swihb krm KMf sMbMDI vrxn ies pRkwr krdy hn:

krm KMf kI bwxI joru ] iqQY horu n koeI horu ]
iqQY joD mhwbl sUr ] iqn mih rwmu rihAw BrpUr ] (pMnw 8)
​

gurU swihb Anuswr ies AvsQw ivc kyvl aus pRkwr dy mhWblI, XoDy Aqy sUrbIr phuMcdy hn, ijnHW dy mnW ivc prmwqmw invws krdw hY[

iqQY sIqo sIqw mihmw mwih ] qw ky rUp n kQny jwih ]
nw Eih mrih n Twgy jwih ] ijn kY rwmu vsY mn mwih ]
iqQY Bgq vsih ky loA ] krih Anµdu scw min soie ] (pMnw 8)
​

ies AvsQw ivc pu`j ky mn`uK ivc dYvI gux pRvyS kr jWdy hn qy auh sMpUrn ho jWdw hY[ AijhI siQqI ivc mn`uK jnm-mrn dy gyV qoN mukqI pRwpq kr jWdw hY qy auh moh-mwieAw rwhIN T`igAw nhIN jWdw[ prmwqmw dy s`cy Bgq ies AvsQw ivc invws krdy hn[ prmwqmw nUM mn ivc vsw ky aunHW nUM sdw leI AwnMd dI pRwpqI ho jWdI hY[

6. s`c KMf:ieh pRmwqmw dw vwsw hY, ijs nUM inj Gr qy mnuK BgqI mwrg dw AKIrlw pVw ikhw igAw hY:

sc KMif vsY inrMkwru] kir kir vyKY ndir inhwl]
iqQY KMf mMfl vrBMf] jy ko kQY q AMq n AMq]
iqQY loA loA Awkwr ] ijv ijv hukmu iqvY iqv kwr ]
vyKY ivgsY kir vIcwru ] nwnk kQnw krVw swru ]37] (pMnw 8)
​

jpujI swihb ivc s`c KMf jIv Awqmw dI Awqimk AvsQw dw sB qoN au~cw pVwA hY[ s`c KMf dI AvsQw ivc gurU swihb ny inrMkwr Aqy aus dy krq`vW dw vrxn kIqw hY[ ies pauVI ivc gurU swihb &urmwauNdy hn ik prmwqmw dw invws s`c KMf ivc hY[ ieQoN hI auh sMswrk jIvn dI sMcwlnw krdw hY[ bRihmMf dy KMf mMflW sMbMDI jwxkwrI iesy AvsQw ivc phuMc ky pRwpq kIqI jWdI hY[ ies AvsQw ivc phuMc ky jIv nUM ies g`l dw igAwn ho jWdw hY ik sm`ucI kwienwq aus prmwqmw dy hukm ADIn hI c`l rhI hY[ mn`uK prmwqmw dI iesy vIcwr qyy hI ivgwsdw hY qy KuSI qy AwnMd dI AvsQw ivc phuMc jWdw hY[ gurU swihb &urmwauNdy hn ik Aijhy AwnMd nUM SbdW ivc ibAwn nhIN kIqw jw skdw[ies pRkwr jpujI swihb ivc sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI ny pMj KMfW dw ibaurw pyS kIqw hY ijnHW iv`coN guzrdw hoieAw mn`uK sicAwr pd (sMpUrn mn`uK dI pdvI) dI pRwpqI krdw hY[jo hyT idqI qwilkw ivc AMikq hY:

• ftek; yzv toskok 1 Xow yzv nkw ihtK dk toskok, ;akbhBsk, ;[Zuisk, ;fjD;hbsk, ;dkuko, ;dGkt s/ goT[geko dk bZzVhdk j?. 2 frnkB yzv gqwkswk d/ pko/ frnkB dk toskok-ftnkgesk dk nB[Gt bZzVhdk j?. 3 ;ow yzv ekdo dh e[dos dk toskok-n;ouisk gqwkswk dh f;cs ;bkj dk toskok-;pd dh ewkJh dk toskok 4 eow yzv eos/ dh feos bJh pyf;a; d/ Gzvko dk toskok .pyf;a; ftu'I gqkgs ;aesh dk toskok, gqwkswk d/ Bkw igD s'I ehshnK gqkgshnK.;u/ wB Bkb gqkgs ehsh ;Zuh ;aesh dk nkBzd nefj j? . 5 ;uyzv fBozeko d/ fBtk; n;EkB dk toBD j? fiZE'I p?me/ T[j ;koh d[BhnK Bz{ t/y t/ye/ y[;a j' fojk j?. T[;d/ fJ; wjb nzdo jh nDfrDs pqfjwzv jB. jo gk;/ T[;dh o';aBh j? s/ jo o';aBh nkeko o{g j? fi; dh ft;akbsk nzdkfiT[ pkjo j? .;ko/ nkeko oph j[ew nB[;ko ngD/ ngD/ eko/ br/ j'J/ jB fiBQK Bz{ t/ye/ gqwkswk y[;a j[zdk j?.fJ; ;ukJh wzvb dh ftnkgesk s/ ft;akbsk dk toBD BjhI ehsk ik ;edk T[t/ fit/ b'j dzdK Bkb upDk n;zGt j? .gqwkswk dh fJ;/ ftnkgesk d/ ftuko Bkb wkBt ftr;dk j?[.

guris`KI dI g`l nwm jpx, s`ucI ikrq krn, vMf Ckx qoN SurU ho ky srb`q dy Bly dI locw ’qy jw ky dm lYNdI hY[ ies dy ivckwr jo kuJ vI is`KI dI izMdgI nUM cMgyrw krn dI g`l AwauNdI hY, is`K ny aus nUM is`Kxw hY, AwpxI izMdgI ivc Fwlxw hY qy iPr aus ’qy pihrw dyxw hY[ ds gurU swihbwn ny inrMqr AgvweI qy AmlI isiKAw bKS ky ausnUM idAwlU, ikrpwlU, imhrvwn, isdkvwn, inAWpsMd, inrvYr, inrCl, krmI XoDw qy sMq-ispwhI bxw id`qw hY[ ju`go-ju`g At`l sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dy lV lgw ky aus dy jIvn nUM duinAwvI, mwnvI, ie^lwkI, sdwcwrk qy AiDAwqmk guxW qy kdrW-kImqW dw sMgI-swQI bxw id`qw hY[

AMDyrw cwnxu Awpy kIAw] eyko vrqY Avru n bIAw ]​

gur prswdI Awpu pCwxY kmlu ibgsY buiD qwhw hy] 3]​

ApxI ghx giq Awpy jwxY ] horu loku suix suix AwiK vKwxY ]​

igAwnI hovY su gurmuiK bUJY swcI isPiq slwhw hy] 4]​

dyhI AMdir vsqu Apwrw ] Awpy kpt Kulwvxhwrw ]​

gurmuiK shjy AMimRqu pIvY iqRsnw Agin buJwhw hy] 5]​

siB rs dyhI AMdir pwey ] ivrly kau guru sbdu buJwey ]​

AMdru Kojy sbdu swlwhy bwhir kwhy jwhw hy] 6]​

ivxu cwKy swdu iksY n AwieAw] gur kY sbid AMimRqu pIAwieAw]​

AMimRqu pI Amrw pdu hoey gur kY sbid rsu qwhw hy] 7]​

Awpu pCwxY so siB gux jwxY] gur kY sbid hir nwmu vKwxY]​

Anidnu nwim rqw idnu rwqI mwieAw mohu cukwhw hy] 8]​

gur syvw qy sBu ikCu pwey ] haumY myrw Awpu gvwey ]​

Awpy ik®pw kry suKdwqw gur kY sbdy sohw hy] 9]​

gur kw sbdu AMimRq hY bwxI ] Anidnu hir kw nwmu vKwxI ]​

hir hir scw vsY Gt AMqir so Gtu inrmlu qwhw hy] 10]​

syvk syvih sbid slwhih ] sdw rMig rwqy hir gux gwvih ]​

Awpy bKsy sbid imlwey prml vwsu min qwhw hy] 11]​

sbdy AkQu kQy swlwhy ] myry pRB swcy vyprvwhy ]​

Awpy guxdwqw sbid imlwey sbdY kw rsu qwhw hy] 12]​

(mwrU mhlw 3,pMnw 1056-57)
​

ieho rsqw hY gurbwxI Anuswr ivgws dw[

ivgisq qy Aivgisq mwnv

eyQy ivgsq mwnv dw Bwv gurmuK qoN hY qy Aivgsq mwnv mnmuK nwl sMboDq hY[mnmuK duinAwvI iKcW sdkw moh mwieAw dy bMDnW ivc hI jkiVAw rihMdw hY jd ik gurmuK sbd dy shwry pRmwqmw pRwpqI vl vDdw hY [

gurmuiK krm kmwvY ibgsY hir bYrwgu Anµdu ]​

Aihinis Bgiq kry idnu rwqI haumY mwir incMdu]​

vfY Bwig sqsMgiq pweI hir pwieAw shij Anµdu] 2]​

(isrI rwg m: 3, pMnw 29:13)
​

krm KMf kI bwxI joru ] iqQY horu n koeI horu ]…………..​

vyKY ivgsY kir vIcwru] nwnk kQnw krVw swru ] 37 ]​

(jpujI m:1, pauVI 37 pMnw pMnw 8)
​

ry mn AYsI hir isau pRIiq kir jYsI jl kmlyih ]​

lhrI nwil pCwVIAY BI ivgsY Asnyih ]​

(isrI rwgu mhlw 1, pMnw 59-60)
​

ies Axmol gurmiq ivcwrDwrw dI isKr sI, Kwlsy dI swjnw[ Kwlsw iek AwdrS purK hY, ijs nUM gurbwxI ivc sicAwr, gurmuK, bRhm igAwnI ikhw igAw hY[ Kwlsw iek srbp`KI, srb pRkwr dy sd-guxW nwl BrpUr, Awqm-ivSvws, svY-inrBr qy sMpUrn mn`uK hY[ Kwlsw sMq vI hY, ispwhI vI hY qy dwqwr vI hY[ Kwlsw idRVH vI hY qy inmr vI hY[ Kwlsw inrBY vI hY qy inrvYr vI hY[ Kwlsw hr pRkwr dy igAwn dw, SkqIAW dw BMfwr hY[ ies leI inrMjn rUp hY[ Kwlsw is`Dw prmwqmw nwl sMbMDq hY[ hir qoN ibnW auh iksy dy ADIn nhIN, iksy dw muhqwj nhIN[ auh Sbd dI inrMjnI joiq dw pujwrI hY[ Kwlsw Akwl purK dy hukm ivc hY ies leI ies nUM DuroN srdwrI pRwpq hY[ Kwlsw iksy pRkwr dy krmkWf qy vihm-Brm nUM nhIN mMndw[ ijs dy ihrdy AMdr prmwqmw dw pRq`K igAwn jgmgwauNdw hY Aqy ijs dy mn ivcoN AigAwnqw dw Brm imt jWdw hY, auh hI Asl ivc Kwlsw hY[ gurU jI ny Kwlsy dw isrP AwdrS hI nhIN pyS kIqw sgoN AmlI rUp ivc Kwlsw bx ky vI imswl pyS kIqI hY:

jwgiq joiq jpY inis bwsur eyku ibnw min nYk n AwnY[
pUrn pRym pRqIiq sjY bRq gor mVHI mT BUl nw mwnY[
qIrQ dwn dXw qp sMjm eyku ibnw nih eyk pCwnY[
pUrn joiq jgY Gt mY qb Kwils qwihˆ nKwils jwnY]57](AsPotk kib`q)
​

Kwlsy dI aupmw ivc sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny Kwlsy nUM Awpxw rUp, Awpxw ieSt, Awpxw ipMf prwn qy siqgurU pUrw AwK ky Kwlsy dI aupmw vrxn qoN bwhr d`sI hY:

Kwlsw myro rUp hY Kws[ Kwlsy mih hON krON invws[

Kwlsw myro ieSt suihrd[ Kwlsw myro khIAiq ibrd[
Kwlsw myro ipMf prwn[ Kwlsw myrI jwn kI jwn[
Kwlsw myro siqgur pUrw[ Kwlsw myro sjn sUrw[
sys rsn swrd sI buD[ qdp n aupmw brnq suD[
Xw mY rMc n imiQAw BwKI[ pwrbRhm gur nwnk swKI[(srb loh gRMQ)
​

Kwlsw gurU dw pYrokwr hI nhIN sgoN gurU-Gr dw AslI vwirs vI hY[ sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny iksy nwl jMg-ju`D krn leI jW iksy ivSyS Drm dI rwKI leI Kwlsw iek POj nhIN iqAwr kIqI sI, ieh mnu`KI ivkws dI isKr sI[ gurU swihb dy mn ivc Kwlsy dw drjw bhuq au~cw sI[ ies dy audyS bwry gurU swihb ny PurmwieAw hY:

XwhI kwj Drw hm jnmM[
smJ lyhu swDU sB mnmM[
Drm clwvn sMq aubwrn[

dust sBn ko mUl aupwirn]43] ​

(bic`qr nwtk, AiDAwey 6)
​

cVHdI klw dw gux Kwlsy dI sB qoN v`fI ivSySqw hY[ies qrHW Kwlsw Awcwr, ivhwr, sdwcwr, sIl-sMjm, iqAwg, kurbwnI, BgqI, SkqI, cVHdI klw dy sdguxW nwl BrpUr hY[‘eyk ipqw eks ky hm bwirk’ Anuswr smucI iSStI nUM Apxw mMndw hoieAw srbq dw Blw mMgdw hY[

A`j AsIN KwlsweI siBAwcwr iqAwg ky pdwrQvwd Aqy p`CmI siBAwcwr dI ckwcOND ivc aulJ ky rih gey hW qy mwieAwDwrI ivkws dI gl krdy hW jd ik loV hY ivgws dI jo gurbwxI suxn, mMnx qy mn ivc pRmwqmw dw Bau lY ky Bwau pYdw krdw hY [pRmwqmw pRqI pYdw Bwa swnUM nwm nwl joVdw hY ijs rwhIN AsIN ivgws qoN ivsmwd dI AvsQw ivc pRmwqmw dy snmuK ho scKMf ivc pRvyS huMdy hW qy swfI pRmwqmw pRwpqI qy aus sMg iek imk huMdy hW[ies leI ivkws dI QW ‘khu kbIr jn Bey Kwlsy’ dI ivgws vwlI nvIN lih qy qurIey[

• Bibliography: English
  1. Boulding K.E., Beyond Economics, United Sates of America, University of Michigan Press 1968
  2. Bhai Jodh Singh, Gurmat Niranaiy, Languages Dept. Pb-1990

• 3. Gurwinder Kaur (Dr.) Concept of Ideal Man in Guru Nanak Bani, Gurmat Parkashan, Patiala

• 4. Leaf Murray J., Information and Behaviour in Sikh Village, Delhi, Oxford University Press

• 5. Sher Singh Giani, Gurmat Darshan, SGPC Amritsar 1992, p. 360.

• 6. Sher Singh (Dr.) 2003 ® Philosophy o Sikhism, SGPC, Sri Amritsar
  7. Upinderjit Kaur, Sikh Religion and Economic Development, New Delhi, National Book Organisation, 1990
  

hvwly pMjwbI pusqkW:

1. srdUl isMG kvISr, 1981 (R) isK Drm drSn, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw
2. sRI guru gRMQ swihb, golfn pRYs, sRomxI gurdvwrw pRbMDk kmytI sRI AMimRqsr
3. jpujI is`K Drm Aqy AwriQk ivkws, nwnk pRkwS p`qrkw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, jUn 1991
4. inrvYr isMG ArSI, is`KI isdk, AnMdpurI pb: hwaUs, AwnMdpur swihb, 1989
5. blivMdrpwl isMG, is`K nYiqkcwr Aqy smwijk-AwrQk ivkws, Drm pRcwr kmytI, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, sRI AMimRqsr, 1998.
6. BweI kwnH isMG nwBw, mhwnkoS, vyKo ivkws qy ivgws

hvwly pMjwbI rswly: gurmiq pRkwS, PrvrI 2008, sRomxI gurdvwrw pRbMDk kmytI sRI AMimRqsr

• 1. ismrjIq isMG fw. gurbwxI ivc AwdrSk mnu`K dw sMklp

• 2. surjIq kOr* gurbwxI Anuswr mn`uK dw jIvn mnorQ

• 3. syvw isMG qrmwlw BweI gurbwxI Anuswr Bgq, gurmuK qy bRhm igAwnI

• 4. kvljIq kOr*jpujI swihb ivc pMj KMf

• 5. kuldIp isMG augwxI pRo.gurbwxI ivc mnu`Kw dyhI dw sMklp

• 6. ikrpwl isMG bfUMgrpRo. Kwlsw mnu`KI ivkws dI isKr

• 7. gurivMdr kOr fw: sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI Anuswr nwm-ismrn dI srb-au~cqw

• 8. gurcrn isMG fw:AwdrS*mnu`KI jIvn qy gurbwxI dI is`iKAw

• 9. jsbIr isMG swbr fw: sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dw sdwcwr Swsqr

• 10. blivMdrpwl isMG pRo. sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dw sMdyS Aqy smwijk-AwriQk ivkws

• 11. rwjpRIq kOr* pRo., schu ErY sBu ko aupir scu Awcwru