I feel the problem only occurs when
For the scientific minds the article talks about magnetism, etc. Excellent reading.
Physicists just discovered a new state of matter called ‘quantum spin liquid’
I may appear as a DODO head but my training is also applied science. Whereas many times science and spirituality easy coalesce, sometimes trying to force fit this union is counter-productive. As the point of union may not be what we think it is and we will do dis-service to spirituality and science. Just need to have caution in making pronouncements.
Sat Sri Akal
I feel the problem only occurs when we start compartmentalising knowledge into arts, science, commerce, religion etc. This narrows down the thinking process. Practically all the knowledge including spirituality and science has to be seen in a harmonious relationship.
Both spirituality and science have a base in knowledge. According to ancient Indian tradition there are two kinds of knowledge–'the higher knowledge' or
Para Vidyaand 'the lower knowledge' or
Apara Vidya. A human being is blessed with the faculty of self-knowledge i.e.,
Apara Vidyaor logical reasoning and also with the faculty of understanding and self-awareness which is
Para Vidyaor quantum logic.
Para Vidyais defined as the intuitive vision of non-duality; [9]itis the knowledge of the Absolute and falls under the category of spirituality;it is the transcendental knowledge which is beyond all limits of knowledge, experience and reason, which is, beyond intellect, mind and sense. It has Reality as its content and possesses a unique quality of ultimacy which is singular and free from reason, senses, etc. Itdoes not require any support or proof, and is irrefutable’. [10]. The Absolute, which is Truth, which is Reality, is neither an expression nor a reflection of itself; it is non-dual being devoid of otherness, and it cannot be an object of knowledge in the ordinary sense as it surpasses the intellect in subtleness.
Para Vidyais the intuitive level of
vidyathat stems from a unity, and manifests as a vision, manifests as an experience. [11][12] For realizing the Reality the aspirant must seek a teacher. The teacher who has already realized his identity with the God and soul alone can impart this much sought-after wisdom on the strength of his own experiences. [13][14]
Apara Vidyais the knowledge of the world; it has the phenomenal world as its content. This consists of all textual knowledge of language, art and science (Bhasha, Kala and Vigyan). Human mind is both rational and intuitive; Science is related to rationality while spirituality is related to intuition. Science is related to
Apara vidya while intuition leads to
para vidya the science of spirituality.
Knowledge is truth and truth is correspondence of an apprehension with its object.The aim of both spirituality and science is to find ‘Truth’. The ‘Truth’ of spirituality lies in God. Guru Nanak (1469-1539 AD) defines God as ‘The Truth before beginning, The Truth during the various ages, The Truth now and the truth in Future. [15] and stating God’ Name as ‘The True Name’[16] The ‘truth’ of science lies in his creation, the
maya, the material world. Fundamental of both however is ‘energy’. Spirituality recognizes the source of all energy as God. The science accepts that the entire universe is made of energy but is still struggling to find out the fundamental source of energy. Guru Nanak said, “Whatever has been created is inserted only once.” [17] The law of conservation of energy states that ‘The total energy of an isolated system does not change.”[18] Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. [19] Guru Nanak considers the entire world made of this energy as continuously changing (‘
sabh jag chalanhar.’ ‘
jo deesai sabh avan javni’: p.1021:6):
‘Jo deesai so chalsi: 936:4)’ ‘
janam maran kau ih(u) jag(u): 598:1
) Science too now considers: “Energy can change forms, and energy can flow from one place to another. [20] Guru Nanak says: ‘Neither it comes, nor it goes.” [21] ‘If the entire universe is made of total energy which does not change; it is none else than God who does not change in totality and remains the same. It is He alone who cannot be created or destroyed. It has forms known as universe within, which keep on changing. If we consider universe as an isolated system we know that “the entire universe is made of energy. It keeps on changing forms and flows from one place to another within but it neither increases nor decreases.”[22] This is how Guru Nanak through his knowledge of the beyond (Apara Vidya) links knowledge of the world (
Para Vidya). His hymns are the embodiment of both spiritual and material including knowledge of science [23].
Guru Nanak had the knowledge of both ‘
Para’ and ‘
Apara’. Only very few such as Lord Rama and Krishna, Lord Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha, Christ, Mohammed could achieve this. Guru Nanak’s hymns are full of knowledge of
Apara associated with knowledge of the Para which provide guidelines for the researchers of
Para vidya. Hisknowledge of spirituality and science and their harmonious relationship is considered here. None of Guru Nanak’ statements on cosmology is set aside or disapproved- by science putting him ahead of all astronomers and cosmologists; thereby making him father of cosmology and hence a prophet scientist. [24]
Guru Nanak gave the following theories to remove the above fallacies. These theories have stood the test of the time since
.
1. The entire universe was created just by one word of the Lord [25]. The Lord creates and sets the universe [26]. Guru Nanak's theory matches with the big-bang theory to some extent but it is not exactly the big bang theory.
2. The Lord Himself is the Creator-Master of the body of five elements [27]. The man originates from Lord's command [28] and not through Adm and Eve after Adm having eaten the apple as given out in the Bible.
3. The present form of man is not as a result of biological changes as explained by Darwin but is the direct creation of the Lord through the process of contact-separation [29].
4. The earth is not settled on the horns of a bull as depicted in Hindu Mythology. There are many earths, which are settled without any assistance [30] based on the principle of gravity.
5. The entire universe is working in a system. The sun, the moon and the sky; all are working in a system [31].
6. There is only one God Ik Ongkar and not many Gods as is given in the Hindu mythology.
7. Neither the sun nor earth is stationary. Every creation of the Lord is changing. Only Lord is eternal [32].
8. The universe has an end [33].
9. Not only human beings have life but also the entire universe [34]. The entire universe including plants has life.[35]
10. Every object created by the Lord has the soul and He abides in each soul [36]. In fact He himself pervades everywhere. As many as are the creatures and living beings in the ocean, land, underworld and sky or where so ever they are; amongst them all, the Lord is contained [37].
11. Spirit is independent from the body. The human body is destructible while the spirit is not [38].
12. Moon does not have its own light but light of the sun transferred by reflection through earth [39].
13. The human system is in consonance with the system of universe. The system of every small and large part of the universe is the same [40].
14. The end of the universe cannot be known to the human being because it is part of the universe and a part cannot visualise the end of the entire universe, as he is too small [41].
15. The soul and body unite and separate again and again. A mortal comes to life and dies again and again. He becomes the father of many and the Guru and disciple of many. One cannot keep count of the future and the past and he does not remember much as to what had happened to him earlier and what will happen to him in the future [42]. The foolish man who does not get emancipated wanders and enters into transmigration [43]. Every being has got not only the body and the mind but also the soul. The mind gets destroyed with the body but the soul changes places in the form of rebirth as per His order. It is on His Order that the beings go on moving from one life to another [44].
16. He created the world and assigned task to one and all and he looks after and controls His creation. Being Omnipresent, He changes the directions at will [45].
The world then was even unaware about the basic facts of gravitation principles of earth, solar system, earth's rotation around the sun and the existence of million other such earths in the universe. It was not known then that the earth was initially a fire-ball which cooled down over the ages. It was not known then that the air was a creation from heat and water was created from air. It was the sun-rays which helped origination of nature. Above all the fact that the universe is unfathomable and beyond the imagination of man and everything in the universe is undergoing constant change and there is nothing stable and stationary was not realised by the then scientific community. In the real sense the science at Guru Nanak’s time was not even considered science as an independent subject and taught as a part of philosophy even in Europe. It lacked the true direction and methodologies and worked on incomplete truths. In India the condition was far worse than in Europe. Scientific approach was then a neglected field and science was the casualty of barbarism. There was a need for general awakening of the people to take them off from the darkness of ignorance and to propagate the true path as envisioned by Guru Nanak.
Guru Nanak had not only a great vision but also a very scientific and analytic mind. Guru Nanak observed the various aspects of God and his universe very minutely and added by his super-consciousness he was able to provide answers to the most intriguing questions about God and His universe. From Guru Nanak’s hymns following fundamentals emerge.
God is everywhere and in everything. As one cannot see, feel, hear or touch the God directly, one can do so through His Creation; His nature. To understand Him one has to understand His Creation. Every being is His Creation. You, me and all and everything else is His Creation. Knowing every bit or any bit of His creation can provide one His knowledge. Why to go far then. You can start understanding yourself and you will understand Him. You are made of physical and the subtle. Physical consists of your physical structure. The inner consists of your energy, your mind and your soul. The soul is said to be in continuity with the God.
Atma though contained in body is part of the limitless, the
Parmatma, the God.
Through his knowledge and analytical and scientific vision, he propounded certain Doctrines which were very new to the world. Most of these are still under study.
Guru Nanak under took journeys to bring in a change and moved from place to place enlightening the people about the truth of life and ultimate reality of humanity. His approach to humanism was analytical, systematic and scientific and his propagation of scientific truth was realistic and humane.
Through inquisition, experience, intuition and super-consciousness Guru Nanak has answered the most difficult questions which the modern science has not been able to answer so far and is not likely to provide the answer if it does not change the methodology of inquiry. Guru Nanak cleared various doubts and decried fallacies and gave answers which, are certainly going to be the guiding light for the future inquiries hence need the due attention of the scientific world at large.
Even Modern scientists are groping in dark about the very fundamental questions like origin and development of universe. The evolution theories have not stood the test of time.Garis Lambatre of Belgium advanced the theory of
big bang in 1930, supported by Garag Gamov of Russia in 1940 basing on an assumption of big bang having occurred 15 to 20 billion years ago which created the universe instantaneously in the millionth part of a second. `The evolution of the world can be compared to a display of fireworks that has just ended; some few red wisps, ashes and smoke. Standing on a cooled cinder, we see the slow fading of the suns, and we try to recall the vanishing brilliance of the origin of the worlds.' Lemaitre. "The explosion from zero volume at zero time of a corpuscle of energy equivalent to the mass and radiation that now constitute the Universe."[46] It means that everything we now see or know about was once compacted into an unimaginably small blip that instantaneously expanded in a huge explosion that created the very space and time it was expanding into. The matter was broken into pieces, which were thrown out with high speed in all directions forming stars and galaxies; which are still moving away from one another. The model which remained the bane of the researchers in twentieth century is the Big Bang Model.
The Big Bang Model was questioned by many scientists. Sir Fred Hoyle, for example, could countenance neither an uncaused nor a supernaturally caused origin of the universe. With respect to the first alternative, he wrote, "This most peculiar situation is taken by many astronomers to represent the origin of the universe. The universe is supposed to have begun at this particular time. From where did the universe originate? The usual answer, surely an unsatisfactory one, is: from nothing!"[47] Equally unsatisfactory in Hoyle's mind was the postulation of a supernatural cause. Noting that some accept happily the universe's absolute beginning, Hoyle complained,
To many people this thought process seems highly satisfactory because a 'something' outside physics can then be introduced at t = 0. By a semantic maneuver, the word 'something' is then replaced by 'god,' except that the first letter becomes a capital, God, in order to warn us that we must not carry the enquiry any further.[48] To Hoyle's credit, he did carry the inquiry further by helping to formulate in 1948 the first competitor to the Standard Model, namely, the Steady State Model of the universe.[49] According to this theory, the universe is in a state of isotropic cosmic expansion, but as the galaxies recede, new matter is drawn into being ex nihilo in the interstices of space created by the galactic recession.
In the most widely accepted current model of the Universe, there is no starting place or time in the conventional sense of human experience. Space, as now defined and constrained by the outer limits of the observable Universe, did not yet exist; also, sequential events, embedded in a temporal continuum, had not begun. The observable Universe is just the visible or detectable part extending to that part of the Universe where objects or sources of radiation have sent signals travelling at the speed of light over an elapsed time not greater (usually somewhat less) than the time (age) of the start of expansion. Most cosmologists now feel with some confidence that there is something real and physical beyond the observable Universe (be it the unseen parts of our Universe or some other Universe(s) but it is too far away for light to have had enough time to reach Earth's ground or orbiting telescopes). That observed part plus the unobserved part together make up the Cosmos.
The origin of universe is ‘Developmental Assimilatory Creation’ and the creation process is systematic and smooth and not through a big bang. He created everything from void i.e, from the point of concentrated energy. The matter was the later result of energy. Maru Solhe explains cosmology explicitly. It is truly scientific in nature and its interpretation can be done scientifically. It proves true on all the scientific parameters for evaluation i.e., it is systematic, logical, truthful, precise, rational, analytical, methodical and of universal nature. It is the guiding light for the future inquiries hence needs the due attention of the scientific world at large
Through inquisition, experience, intuition and super-consciousness, Guru Nanak has answered the most difficult questions on cosmology which the modern science has not been able to answer so far and is not likely to provide the answer if it does not change the methodology of inquiry. Guru Nanak's answers to the various questions, theories, concepts and doctrines are certainly going to be the milestones for future scientists. Presentation is most lucid and artistic through poetry and music; a rare thing in research. This provides guidelines for future writers and researchers for being brief, to the point, exact, scientific, logical, systematic, reliable, valid, lucid, artistic, graceful, poetic and musical.The reliability and validity of the research findings are duly tested through practice.
Conclusion
In view of this, creating boundaries between science and spirituality is meaningless. They have to coexist and work for the benefit of the world establishing a harmonious relationship using each other’s achievement for the benefit of the humanity as a whole rather than create boundaries. Interdisciplinary approaches with science and spirituality working together in harmonious relationship will go a long way to solve the problems and explore the unknown better since both are directed towards having knowledge about the universe and its Creation.
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Symbiosis of Science and Spirituality Generation. Gyan Publishing. p. 98.
[10] Eliot Deutsch.
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[11] Alexander P. Varghese.
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[13] Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade.
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[15] Ad(i) sach(u) jugad(i) sach(u) haibh(i) sach(u) hosi bhi sach(u): SGGS, p. 1.
[16]. Sat(i)nam: SGGS p.1.
[17] ‘Jo kich paia so eka vaar: SGGS, p.7:5.
[18] Kittel, C. Kroemer, H. (1980). Thermal Physics, second edition, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco,
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[20] Kittel, 1088-89
[21] Na oh aavai n oh (u) jai’: p.391:12, ‘janam maran kal(u) nahi: p. 222:19.
[22] SGGS, p. 61:12.
[23]] Dalvinder Singh Grewal (Dr), 2008, Scientific Vision of Guru Nanak, National Book Shop, New Delhi. ISBN 978-81-7116-490-0
[24] Manjit Singh Prof. Sept 2015, Guru Nanak Dev- father of modern Cosmology, Sikh Review, pp.16-22)
[25] ehsk g;kT[ J/e' etkT[ .(ig[ih gzBk 3) i' feS[ gkfJnk ;' J/ek tko .(ig[ih gzBk 7)
[26]nkg/ e[dofs eo/ ;kfi.. ;u[ nkfg fBp/V/ oki[ okfi..(gzBk 1170)
[27] gzu G{ BkfJe' nkfg f;ozdk (;{jh wjbk 1, gzBk 766)
[28]j[ew? nkt? j[ew? ikt? j[ew? ofjnk ;wkJh.. (gzBk 94)
[29];zi'r fti'r d[fJ eko ubktfj b/y? nktfj Gkr. (gzBk 6)
[30] i' e' p[M/ j't? ;funko[.. Xtb? T[go e/sk Gko[..
Xosh j'o[ go? j'o[ j'o[.. fs; s/ Gko[ sb? etD[ i'o[..(ig[ih gzBk 3)
[31]G? ftu ;{oi G? ftfu uzd.. e'j eo'Vh ubs B nzs[ .aaaaaaaa a a
G? ftu nkvkD/ nkek; ..(tko nk;k ;b'e wjbk 1, gzBk 464)
[32] ;G d[Bh nktD iktDh w[ekw[ J/e[ ojhw[ (gzBk 64)
w[ekw[ fs;[ B' nkyhn? fif; f;f; B j'th b/y[..n;wkB[ Xosh ub;h w[ekw[ Ujh J/e[..
fdB oft ub? fBf; ;f; ub? skfoek by gb'fJ..
w[ekw[ Ujh J/e[ j? BkBek ;u[ p[r'fJ..(gzBk 64)
[33] i' nkfJnk ;' ub;h nwo[ ;[ r[o[ eosko[.. (gzBk 63)
;G ir[ pkX' ekb e' fpB[ r[o ekb[ ncko[.. (gzBk 55)
[34] ;{o[ t;? fwN? nzfXnkok.. (okwebh w 1 f;X r';fN gzBk 943)
[35];G fd;? jfonktbh (gzBk 1278)
[36] xfN xfN r[gs[ T[gkJ/ gqrN[ r[ow[fy ;zs iBk .. (gzBk 1172)
nksw wfj okw[ okw wfj nksw[ uhBf; r[o phukok.. (gzBk 1153)
[37] i/s/ ihn izs ifb Efb wjhnfb isq esq s{ ;op ihnk. (gzBk 1127)
[38] wB[ G{bT[ Gowf; nkfJ ikfJ ..(gzBk 1187)
[39] g;oh feofD of; ewb fprk;/ ;f; xfo ;{o[ ;wkfJnk.. (gqGksh wjbk 1 gzBk 1332)
[40] i' pqfjwzv yzfv ;' ikDj[ .(wko{ wjbk 1 gzBk 1041)
[41] Uj[ p/nzs[ nzs[ fefB bjhn?.. (gzBk 1188) p/w[jski[ p/nzs[ ngkok.. (gzBk 1190
[42] i[fV i[fV ftS[V/ ftS[fV i[V/.. ihft ihft w[J/ w[J/ iht/..
e/fsnk e/ pkg e/fsnk e/ p/N/ e/s/ r[o u/b/ j{J/..
nkr? gkS? rDs B nkt? fenk iksh fenk j[fD j'J/.. (gzBk 1233)
[43] Gqfw Gqfw nkt? w{Vk tko' tko.. (gzBk 1169)
[44] fJfe j[ewh ;dk GtkJhnfj (ig[ih gT[Vh 2) BkBe[ j[ewh nktj[ ikj[.. (ig[ih gT[Vh 20)
[45] s[X[ ;z;ko T[gkfJnk f;o/ f;fo XzX/ bkfJnk.. t/yfj ehsk nkgDk efo e[dofs gk;k Ykfb
ihT[.. (gzBk 71)
[46]
Symbiosis of Science and Spirituality Generation. Gyan Publishing. p. 98.
[47] http//
www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/theism-origin.html#text9#text18
[48] Ibid, html#text19#text19
[49] Ibid,.html#text20#text20