How could Dasam Granth be Guruji's Bani if Guruji is Sri Guru Granth Sahib? They are too completely different books -- logically it is impossible.
Bani (
Punjabi ਬਾਣੀ), short for
Gurbani (Punjabi
ਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ)
It means from the mouth of the Guru. Aad0002ji, the banis a Sikh (and by Rehitnama an Amritdhari must read) recites as daily paath includes banis from Dasam Granth Sahib Ji. To take too simplistic an approach to defining Sikh religion SOLELY on Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji is mistaken. There is no debate or confusion that Guru is Guru, and Dhan Dhan Shri Shabad Guru Ji Maharaaj is unquestionably Guru of the Sikhs, Dasam Pita Ji Himself ordained this. Otherwise you are asserting that the Panj banis which a Sikh prays are taken from a fake and invalid book, and although refered to as Guru's bani, are alleging they are not from the mouth of Guru. It's not like Christian religion which has a doctrine of Sola Scriptora, meaning "solely by the (accepted) scriptures. But Sikhism includes a lot of history and tradition as a framework for many things which are not expressly found in Shri Guru Granth (or are veiled or hidden (gupt) teachings as insightfully explained by supportive vaaran such as written interpretation of Bhai Gurdas Ji who himself had darshan of 4 living forms of Guru and whose own pen handcopied the Aadi Granth). Without Dasam Granth we would not even have Dasam Pita Ji's Zafernama against Emperor Aurangzeb. For the simplist example...
How do we know that Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji is Guru?
We know this by tradition. We know this by rehitnamay. We know this by the same exact tradition which teaches that the formation of the Khalsa Panth as Guru also ordained the Aadi Granth to be Guru Granth.
But you will not be able to quote this in a tuuk from Guru Granth Sahib. Because Tenth Master did not write His bani in the Aadi Granth. Does that mean everything else Tenth Master taught and said which were preserved in Rehitnamay and tradition are completely invalid and to be removed from acceptance in Sikhism? Could there ever be a single word which Tenth Master, Sacha Patshah uttered which would be spurious, invalid or unimportant just because it was elected BY HIM not to be recorded as part of Aadi Granth?
Not only is there Dasam Granth Gurbani, but possibly also Sarbloh Granth, while it has also been criticized like Dasam Granth, the Panth has not officially defined it's position, and the Nihang Jatha has kept most of it hidden (gupt) from the Panth, although the previous Jathedar Nihang Baba Santa Singh Ji released publication of portions of it recently. The reason I mention Sarbloh Granth in conjunction with Dasam Granth is because many debates on forums center around the validity of the Khalsa, the validity of the Takhts and central authority of Akal Takht. Debates constantly revolve around themes like, "where does it say in Guru Granth Sahib that a Sikh has to keep uncut hair? Keep and honor shastars? Wear Panj Kakkars? Receive amrit from Khande Ki Pahul? Pray the Nitenam banis?
And the answers to all those questions are found in 1. Dasam Granth, 2. Sarbloh Granth, 3. various Purataan Rehitnamay
The Dasam Granth (Punjabi: ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ)
, historically known as Dasven Padshah Ka Granth (Punjabi: ਦਸਵੇਂ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹ ਕਾ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ)
(Book of the Tenth Emperor), is a scripture of Sikhism, containing texts composed by the 10th Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh. The compositions of the Granth set out the ideas, thoughts and guidlines for the future of the Nanak panth as enshrined in the Khalsa. The Jaap Sahib, Tvye Prasad Sawaiye (Amrit Savaiye) and Benti Chaupai, all compositions from the Dasam Granth, are part of the daily prayers Nitnem of the Sikhs, which serve, as well, as a part of the Sikh initiation Khande di Pahul...
The Dasam Granth is all rhymed poetry. It was designed to be heard, so there is considerable repition, and a variety of meteres to hold the attention. The language of most of the Dasam Granth is largely Braj veering towards Sanskrit at one extreme and simple colloquial Hindi at the other. The Braj dialect is a variety of medieval Hindi with a mixture of Sanskrit, Persiona, and Arabic words. The Zafarnama and the Hikayats are in Persian using Gurmukhi characters and several passages in other works are in Punjabi. The 'author/s' not only used this melange of languages but also coined words half Arabic half Sanskrit (and sometimes words without any meaning just to create a musical effect). Some of this kind of writing has great power and beauty.
Most of the poetry of the Dasam Granth is hardly intelligible to the modern Punjabi reader without the aid of a commentary. Experts tell us that the Guru's poetry is of the highest order:
http://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Dasam_Granth
An expert on Braj and on Dasam Granth was Bhai Sahib Bhai Randhir Singh Ji, a Sikh who was recognized and honored by all Takhts.
In his various books on Sikh theology he quotes very appropriate verses from the Gurbani freely and with apparent ease. He had a deep insight and scholarly expertise in Punjabi, Brij Bhasha of Sri Dasam Granth, Persian, Urdu and English. He even distinguished himself as an Urdu and Punjabi poet during his college days.
http://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Bhai_Randhir_Singh
Are there spurious banis and rehitnama? Yes! But not all of it is. And that is why it is a matter of legitimate debate and discussion. BUT, before discrediting or declaring inauthentic based on personal opinion, I urge the forum participants to treat as potentially Gurbani ANY bani, while discussing possibilities, disagreements, etc in an atmosphere of RESPECT for the bani. You can disagree with and not invalidate, discredit or bring reputation into ruin as in a formal attack. And THIS is what Akal Takht Sahib Ji has objected to in their edict against discussions involving Dasam Granth Sahib Ji. At this point, nothing formal has been declared about Sarbloh Granth. But historically, Sikhism rests on the interpretation of Guru Granth Sahib on the Purataan rehitnamay and bani of Tenth Master. I believe this is an area which should be treaded with RESPECT, CARE, and minimization of personal, frivolous or insulting opinions intended to defame or cast aspersions against what may likely be Guru's bani. Who among us here is a historian and scholar who is an expert in the languages in which Dasam Granth is written who can offer a challenge against the insights of such a scholar?
If it is NOT Gurbani, the Panth will declare this. As to this date, there has been no such declaration, and in fact an edict against defamation of Dasam Granth, and the formation of educational seminars to instruct the Sikh Sangat as to the accepted VALIDITY of Dasam Granth as bani. So it seems the direction is clearly one of Panthic acceptance. This renders as "spurious" those opinions which are contrary to the accepted Panthic authority. And as such, I urge a tone of respect when discussing the validity or invalidity of Dasam Granth Sahib Ji, and restraint at this time in attempts to discredit Sarbloh Granth Sahib Ji.
There is a movement to do just this, and discredit the entire basis of the formation of the Khalsa Panth at Baisaikhi. And this was why the Akal Takht are strongly enforcing an edict NOT to defame, slander, or diminish importance of Dasam Granth as bani, while stipulating as bani it is to be respected and treasured, but Guru Granth is still indisputed Guru.
Adi Granth: literally means "the first book." This is the early compilation of the Sikh Scriptures by Guru Arjan, the fifth Sikh Guru, in 1604. This Granth (Book) is the Holy Scripture of the Sikhs. The tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh added further holy Shabads to this Granth during the period 1704 to 1706. Then in 1708, before taking leave for his heavenly abode, Guru Gobind Singh affirmed the Adi Granth as the perpetual Guru of the Sikhs and the Granth then became known as the Sri Guru Granth Sahib.
Important Milestones
- 30 August 1604: Completion of Adi Granth
Please see Sri Guru Granth Sahib for full details
The original copy of the scripture, called Adi Granth, compiled and authenticated by Guru Arjan Dev still exists today and is kept at Kartarpur which is a town about 15 km. north west of the city of Jalandhar, Panjab, India. This is the only Holy Scripture in the world which was written by the founders of the religion during their lifetime. All other holy scriptures were completed after their founders had left for their heavenly abodes. Further, this is the only holy scripture that can be considered a "universal Granth" because it contains the hymns of both Hindu and Muslim saints....
The "Bani", Gurus inspired utterance, had always been the object of highest reverence for the Sikhs as well as for the Gurus themselves. It was equated with the Guru himself. "The bani is the Guru and the Guru bani" sang Guru Ram Das in measure Nat Narain. By accumulating the canon, Guru Arjun wished to affix the seal on the sacred word. It was also to be the perennial fountain of inspiration and the means of self-perpetuation for the community.
Guru Arjun called Bhai Gurdas to his presence and expressed to him the wish that the compositions of the Gurus as well as those of some of the saints and sufis be collected. Massages were sent to the disciples to gather and transmit to him the hymns of his predecessors. Baba Mohan, son of Guru Amar Das, Nanak III, had two manuscript collections of the Gurus' hymns inherited from his father.
Bhai Gurdas travelled to Goindwal to bring these pothis but the owner refused to see him. Bhai Buddha, one of the oldest Sikhs from Guru Nanak's days, was similarly turned away from his door. Then Guru Arjun went himself. He sat ha the street below Mohan's attic serenading him on his tambura. Mohan was disarmed to hear the hymn. He came downstairs with the pothis and presented these to the Guru. As says the Gurbilas, the pothis were placed on a palanquin bedecked with precious stones. The Sikhs carried it on their shoulders and Guru Arjun walked behind barefoot. He refused to ride his horse, saying that the pothis were the very spirit of the four Gurus — his predecessors.
Adi Granth - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia.
There have been a lot of scholarly debates over this issue for decades now, but the accepted consensus within the circles of Panthic authority has already unquestionably accepted every part of Dasam Granth as Gurbani. So while a discussion is now allowed (and was restricted while Panthic scholars investigated to prevent potential nindya of Gurbani or propaganda against Gurbani to Sikhs, that restriction has now been lifted with the caveat NOT to do nindya of Shri Dasam Granth Ji bani as an edict from Akal Takht Sahib ji. The restriction is lifted to allow education of the Sikh sangat as to WHY Panthic Scholars have accepted Dasam Granth, not to allow defamation or delegitimization of Dasam Granth.)
So I would urge you as a sincere Sikh, before simply reading debates on this forum for education on the subject, to investigate what is the Akal Takht position on this subject, and WHY...
Now there are those who do not recognize validity of Dasam Granth Sahib Ji or Akal Takht Sahib Ji which is a different matter than someone who has doubts or interest in question and learning. The focus for these people is to delegitimize and undermine Dasam Granth, and the entire framework of the Khalsa Panth and the Takhts of traditional Sikh authority. Consider it like the Protestant reformation that sought to replace centuries old Patristic writings and historical Councils with the new idea of "individual interpretation." While not exactly analogous, there are similarities. These people want to delegitimize traditional Sikh authority with their own, and thus make their own opinions speak for the "mouth of Guru." Since any invalidation of the primary authority of: 1. Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, 2. Guru Panj Piara, 3. Akal Takht Sahib Ji literally attacks the very basis and foundation of Sikh religion.
Sikhism has a framework of Nationhood, which includes Panthic Authority. Are all the definitions put forth by Panthic Authority to be accepted by every individual? No, we all have different understandings and freedom of choice. HOWEVER, all decisions and definitions of Panthic Authority are to be RESPECTED, and there is a fine line where debate ends, and heresy begins.
First Dasam Granth Seminar Held in North America:
http://www.panthic.org/news/123/ARTICLE/3927/2008-02-28.html
~Bhul chak maaf